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<?php /* * Copyright 2012 Johannes M. Schmitt <schmittjoh@gmail.com> * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ namespace PhpOption; use ArrayAccess; use IteratorAggregate; /** * @template T * * @implements IteratorAggregate<T> */ abstract class Option implements IteratorAggregate { /** * Creates an option given a return value. * * This is intended for consuming existing APIs and allows you to easily * convert them to an option. By default, we treat ``null`` as the None * case, and everything else as Some. * * @template S * * @param S $value The actual return value. * @param S $noneValue The value which should be considered "None"; null by * default. * * @return Option<S> */ public static function fromValue($value, $noneValue = null) { if ($value === $noneValue) { return None::create(); } return new Some($value); } /** * Creates an option from an array's value. * * If the key does not exist in the array, the array is not actually an * array, or the array's value at the given key is null, None is returned. * Otherwise, Some is returned wrapping the value at the given key. * * @template S * * @param array<string|int,S>|ArrayAccess<string|int,S>|null $array A potential array or \ArrayAccess value. * @param string $key The key to check. * * @return Option<S> */ public static function fromArraysValue($array, $key) { if (!(is_array($array) || $array instanceof ArrayAccess) || !isset($array[$key])) { return None::create(); } return new Some($array[$key]); } /** * Creates a lazy-option with the given callback. * * This is also a helper constructor for lazy-consuming existing APIs where * the return value is not yet an option. By default, we treat ``null`` as * None case, and everything else as Some. * * @template S * * @param callable $callback The callback to evaluate. * @param array $arguments The arguments for the callback. * @param S $noneValue The value which should be considered "None"; * null by default. * * @return LazyOption<S> */ public static function fromReturn($callback, array $arguments = [], $noneValue = null) { return new LazyOption(static function () use ($callback, $arguments, $noneValue) { /** @var mixed */ $return = call_user_func_array($callback, $arguments); if ($return === $noneValue) { return None::create(); } return new Some($return); }); } /** * Option factory, which creates new option based on passed value. * * If value is already an option, it simply returns. If value is callable, * LazyOption with passed callback created and returned. If Option * returned from callback, it returns directly. On other case value passed * to Option::fromValue() method. * * @template S * * @param Option<S>|callable|S $value * @param S $noneValue Used when $value is mixed or * callable, for None-check. * * @return Option<S>|LazyOption<S> */ public static function ensure($value, $noneValue = null) { if ($value instanceof self) { return $value; } elseif (is_callable($value)) { return new LazyOption(static function () use ($value, $noneValue) { /** @var mixed */ $return = $value(); if ($return instanceof self) { return $return; } else { return self::fromValue($return, $noneValue); } }); } else { return self::fromValue($value, $noneValue); } } /** * Lift a function so that it accepts Option as parameters. * * We return a new closure that wraps the original callback. If any of the * parameters passed to the lifted function is empty, the function will * return a value of None. Otherwise, we will pass all parameters to the * original callback and return the value inside a new Option, unless an * Option is returned from the function, in which case, we use that. * * @template S * * @param callable $callback * @param mixed $noneValue * * @return callable */ public static function lift($callback, $noneValue = null) { return static function () use ($callback, $noneValue) { /** @var array<int, mixed> */ $args = func_get_args(); $reduced_args = array_reduce( $args, /** @param bool $status */ static function ($status, self $o) { return $o->isEmpty() ? true : $status; }, false ); // if at least one parameter is empty, return None if ($reduced_args) { return None::create(); } $args = array_map( /** @return T */ static function (self $o) { // it is safe to do so because the fold above checked // that all arguments are of type Some /** @var T */ return $o->get(); }, $args ); return self::ensure(call_user_func_array($callback, $args), $noneValue); }; } /** * Returns the value if available, or throws an exception otherwise. * * @throws \RuntimeException If value is not available. * * @return T */ abstract public function get(); /** * Returns the value if available, or the default value if not. * * @template S * * @param S $default * * @return T|S */ abstract public function getOrElse($default); /** * Returns the value if available, or the results of the callable. * * This is preferable over ``getOrElse`` if the computation of the default * value is expensive. * * @template S * * @param callable():S $callable * * @return T|S */ abstract public function getOrCall($callable); /** * Returns the value if available, or throws the passed exception. * * @param \Exception $ex * * @return T */ abstract public function getOrThrow(\Exception $ex); /** * Returns true if no value is available, false otherwise. * * @return bool */ abstract public function isEmpty(); /** * Returns true if a value is available, false otherwise. * * @return bool */ abstract public function isDefined(); /** * Returns this option if non-empty, or the passed option otherwise. * * This can be used to try multiple alternatives, and is especially useful * with lazy evaluating options: * * ```php * $repo->findSomething() * ->orElse(new LazyOption(array($repo, 'findSomethingElse'))) * ->orElse(new LazyOption(array($repo, 'createSomething'))); * ``` * * @param Option<T> $else * * @return Option<T> */ abstract public function orElse(self $else); /** * This is similar to map() below except that the return value has no meaning; * the passed callable is simply executed if the option is non-empty, and * ignored if the option is empty. * * In all cases, the return value of the callable is discarded. * * ```php * $comment->getMaybeFile()->ifDefined(function($file) { * // Do something with $file here. * }); * ``` * * If you're looking for something like ``ifEmpty``, you can use ``getOrCall`` * and ``getOrElse`` in these cases. * * @deprecated Use forAll() instead. * * @param callable(T):mixed $callable * * @return void */ abstract public function ifDefined($callable); /** * This is similar to map() except that the return value of the callable has no meaning. * * The passed callable is simply executed if the option is non-empty, and ignored if the * option is empty. This method is preferred for callables with side-effects, while map() * is intended for callables without side-effects. * * @param callable(T):mixed $callable * * @return Option<T> */ abstract public function forAll($callable); /** * Applies the callable to the value of the option if it is non-empty, * and returns the return value of the callable wrapped in Some(). * * If the option is empty, then the callable is not applied. * * ```php * (new Some("foo"))->map('strtoupper')->get(); // "FOO" * ``` * * @template S * * @param callable(T):S $callable * * @return Option<S> */ abstract public function map($callable); /** * Applies the callable to the value of the option if it is non-empty, and * returns the return value of the callable directly. * * In contrast to ``map``, the return value of the callable is expected to * be an Option itself; it is not automatically wrapped in Some(). * * @template S * * @param callable(T):Option<S> $callable must return an Option * * @return Option<S> */ abstract public function flatMap($callable); /** * If the option is empty, it is returned immediately without applying the callable. * * If the option is non-empty, the callable is applied, and if it returns true, * the option itself is returned; otherwise, None is returned. * * @param callable(T):bool $callable * * @return Option<T> */ abstract public function filter($callable); /** * If the option is empty, it is returned immediately without applying the callable. * * If the option is non-empty, the callable is applied, and if it returns false, * the option itself is returned; otherwise, None is returned. * * @param callable(T):bool $callable * * @return Option<T> */ abstract public function filterNot($callable); /** * If the option is empty, it is returned immediately. * * If the option is non-empty, and its value does not equal the passed value * (via a shallow comparison ===), then None is returned. Otherwise, the * Option is returned. * * In other words, this will filter all but the passed value. * * @param T $value * * @return Option<T> */ abstract public function select($value); /** * If the option is empty, it is returned immediately. * * If the option is non-empty, and its value does equal the passed value (via * a shallow comparison ===), then None is returned; otherwise, the Option is * returned. * * In other words, this will let all values through except the passed value. * * @param T $value * * @return Option<T> */ abstract public function reject($value); /** * Binary operator for the initial value and the option's value. * * If empty, the initial value is returned. If non-empty, the callable * receives the initial value and the option's value as arguments. * * ```php * * $some = new Some(5); * $none = None::create(); * $result = $some->foldLeft(1, function($a, $b) { return $a + $b; }); // int(6) * $result = $none->foldLeft(1, function($a, $b) { return $a + $b; }); // int(1) * * // This can be used instead of something like the following: * $option = Option::fromValue($integerOrNull); * $result = 1; * if ( ! $option->isEmpty()) { * $result += $option->get(); * } * ``` * * @template S * * @param S $initialValue * @param callable(S, T):S $callable * * @return S */ abstract public function foldLeft($initialValue, $callable); /** * foldLeft() but with reversed arguments for the callable. * * @template S * * @param S $initialValue * @param callable(T, S):S $callable * * @return S */ abstract public function foldRight($initialValue, $callable); }